A services business wants to double its revenue, so it hires an agency to run paid ads. Six months and forty thousand euros later, it has twelve leads and one customer. Nothing was wrong with the ads. The order was wrong.

There are four ways to bring in customers. Inbound, where people find you through content, search and reputation. Outbound, where you go to them with cold email and calls. Paid, where you buy attention. And referrals, where your existing customers bring you the next one. Each asks something different from you before it returns anything: volume, margin, patience, or a base of happy clients.

Paid asks for the most. You are bidding against everyone else in your market, you need the margin to absorb a losing test, and you need enough traffic to know which test lost. Miss one of those three and the budget just leaves. Inbound asks for time instead, six to twelve months before it carries anything, after which the leads keep arriving without a price tag on each one.

Referrals ask for almost nothing you do not already have. That makes the order obvious once you see it. Start where you are already strong, build the channel that compounds, and only buy attention when you have the volume and the margin to survive being wrong about it.

Fear of loss rarely comes from the loss itself. It comes from a quiet assumption underneath it: that the thing will stay. Give up that assumption first, book the thing as already gone, and there is nothing left to defend. What remains is what is in front of you.

Ajahn Chah made this concrete with a glass. He drank from it, enjoyed how it caught the light, and considered it already broken. So when the wind knocked it over, his answer was “of course”. The breaking was priced in from the start, which made every moment with the glass a gain rather than a postponement.

The Stoics arrived at the same place from another direction. Premeditatio malorum, and Seneca treating everything he owned as on loan.

Two things this is easy to mistake for. It reads like pessimism, until you notice the conclusion is presence: you still drink from the glass. It reads like permission to be careless, until you notice you still keep the glass away from the edge of the table.

That is the boundary. It works for impermanence, and it stops working for negligence. Where you actually have influence, “already lost” quietly becomes a way to write off responsibility.

Something happens the moment someone shares their screen to walk through a presentation. Their face disappears. The other participants turn into an audience. The content plays out in a straight line instead of being worked through together.

From that point on the meeting is over as a conversation. What is left is a recording with witnesses.

Reading and interacting are two different activities, and they work badly at the same time. A video call is built for the second one: a small group, live, thinking out loud. If what you have is material to be read, send it up front as a memo or a short video. Then the meeting itself stays reserved for the part that genuinely needs everyone present.

Calling a meeting is a responsibility. You earn people’s attention by arriving prepared and by having the right people in the room. Slides on the screen are often how that preparation gets skipped: the deck carries the meeting so nobody else has to.

The test is simple. If your presentation survives being sent as a document, send it as a document.

Related

• Audio conversations promote a more equal distribution of speaking time and alignment of speaking patterns, which leads to better group performance than video meetings, despite the absence of visual cues

When you see a text a second or third time you recognise it, and that feeling of recognition is easily mistaken for actual understanding. This is the fluency illusion: the ease of processing something gets read as a measure of how well you know it. Rereading and highlighting raise how easy something feels right now (retrieval strength), but they barely build the deeper storage that remains once the text is no longer in front of you (storage strength). Take the source away, and the illusion of mastery collapses.

Passive techniques like highlighting and rereading feel productive precisely because they ask for almost no cognitive effort. You register that something matters, but that is not the same as integrating it into what you already know: explaining why it matters, saying it again in your own words, or finding it later without the text. Without that step you stay at the level of collecting information instead of building knowledge you can apply yourself.

The fix is not a better way of highlighting, but building in friction: forcing yourself to retrieve, explain or generate something without the source at hand. That feels harder and less successful in the moment, precisely because you can fail at it, and that friction is what leaves a lasting trace. The same illusion is not limited to studying: nodding along through a text or a codebase because everything feels familiar does not give you the ability to solve the problem yourself either.

Related

• Rephrasing a text helps me to better understand what the author means

You’re on holiday and something breaks at work. You drive back, you fix it, everyone applauds. And you feel it too: you were needed, and it worked.

That applause is where it goes wrong. Praise is a signal: it tells the whole organisation what actually gets rewarded. You learn that you’re the one who always shows up. Your team learns that the call is yours, not theirs. Your own boss learns that you’ll handle it.

This isn’t ego, or hardly ever. It’s identity. If you’ve been the reliable one for years, stepping back doesn’t feel modest. It feels irresponsible. Which is why deciding to delegate more isn’t enough on its own: you can tell your team to take more ownership and still sit on the context they’d need to act on it.

So prove your commitment some other way. Share context before there’s a crisis. Say out loud who gets to decide what. And next time, before you get in the car, ask your colleagues one question: what do you need to handle this without me?

Your body has a natural chronotype: a morning type, an evening type, or something in between, driven by the circadian rhythms of cortisol and testosterone. It determines when in the day you perform best, physically and mentally, and the gap between a clear morning type and a clear evening type runs up to eight hours. Evening types reach their aerobic peak around 20:00, roughly eleven hours after waking up, while morning types get there around noon.

Training at the wrong moment costs measurable performance. A morning type who trains in the afternoon can perform 5 to 6 percent below their natural peak. For an evening type forced to train very early, the risk is a different one: the body has not yet reached its optimal temperature and neuromuscular activation, which raises both the injury risk and the perceived effort, especially on too little sleep.

Even so, consistency outweighs timing. Pushing a clear evening type into early morning workouts can backfire, but training at a non ideal hour still beats not moving at all. Your chronotype is largely genetic and does not shift radically. An owl does not turn into a lark by getting up early for a few weeks. Light exposure and a consistent daily rhythm can nudge it, but only gently.

Related

• In general, people perform better in the morning hours than later in the day

Multitasking is a common phenomenon in our modern society, but research shows that we are much worse at it than we think. The problem lies not only in the fact that we struggle to perform multiple tasks simultaneously, but especially in our inaccurate assessment of our own capabilities. Studies show that people who frequently multitask wrongly believe they are doing so effectively. They significantly overestimate their abilities, while the reality is different. This lack of self-awareness is worrying: we are not only bad at multitasking, but we also seem unable to see or acknowledge it.

The consequences of frequent multitasking go beyond just a distorted self-perception. Research on chronic media multitaskers, people who regularly process multiple media streams simultaneously, shows striking results. These heavy multitaskers are actually more sensitive to environmental distractions and irrelevant information in their memory. Paradoxically, they even perform worse on tests measuring the ability to switch between tasks, likely because they are less capable of filtering out distracting information. This suggests that frequent multitasking is associated with a fundamentally different way of processing information.

The comparison to a drunk person who thinks they are walking in a straight line captures the problem well: we think we are better than we actually are. Thus, multitasking creates a dangerous combination of reduced performance and inflated self-confidence. As multitasking plays an increasingly larger role in our daily lives, it becomes all the more important to be aware of these limitations and the gap between our perception and reality.

Related

• The human mind and brain lack the architecture to perform multiple tasks simultaneously
• Attempting to do two or more attention-demanding tasks simultaneously reduces productivity
• Whether you think you can or think you can’t, you’re right
• Avoid excessive task switching to increase efficiency

When we are physically in the same space, we use various subtle signals to manage speaking turns: eye contact, facial expressions, and body language. This leads to a more even distribution of turns among everyone. In audio conversations, these visual cues are absent, so you focus entirely on auditory signals such as pitch, speaking speed, pauses, and small sounds indicating someone wants to respond. In video meetings, which theoretically offer more data than audio conversations, we pay less attention to audio cues, while visual signals are less perceivable on a screen. Interestingly, the limitation of audio conversations actually ensures you listen better to auditory signals and respond more effectively than in video conversations. This results in everyone having more equal speaking time, preventing anyone from easily dominating the conversation.

This more equal distribution of turns positively affects what researchers call ‘prosodic synchrony’: you better align your rhythm, intonation, and speech patterns. When you have more equal turns in an audio conversation, you naturally become more attuned in how you speak. You unconsciously mimic each other in tempo and pitch, resulting in a smoother conversation. This alignment contributes to what is called ‘collective intelligence’: the ability of a group to solve problems together. Teams using only audio are more successful in synchronizing their voice usage and turns, and when they achieve this, they perform better as a group.

Although video theoretically offers more information, in practice, visual signals are less perceivable than in in-person meetings. This raises questions about the assumption that richer media are always better for remote collaboration. For certain forms of teamwork, audio meetings can be more effective than video conferencing.

Related

• A videoconference provokes a narrow focus on the screen, which hinders divergent thinking
• The meeting ends the moment you share your screen

Mobile phones are a major source of distraction in our daily lives, even when we are not actively using them. Research shows that just a notification, a beep, or a vibration significantly disrupts our performance on tasks that require concentration. Remarkably, this disruption is as great as when someone is actually on a call or texting. You don’t even need to look at your phone to get distracted; that little sound or vibration is enough to lose your focus.

The reason these short notifications have such a big impact lies in what happens in our minds afterward. A notification triggers a series of thoughts unrelated to what you are doing. You start to wonder who sent a message, what’s in it, if it’s important… in short, your thoughts wander. This phenomenon, also known as ‘mind wandering’, lasts much longer than the notification itself. Even after the sound is gone, those thoughts linger in your head, and your performance continues to decline.

This explains why distraction by your phone is so persistent: it’s not just about the time spent checking your phone, but mainly about the mental interruption that lasts much longer. Our limited attention capacity must be divided over multiple things simultaneously, and when a part of it is consumed by thoughts about that notification, less is left for the task that requires our full attention.

Related:

• Attempting to do two or more attention-demanding tasks simultaneously reduces productivity
• Avoid excessive task switching to increase efficiency
• We pick up our phones over 350 times per day, almost four times more than in 2019

An Inipi ritual is a traditional cleansing ceremony originally from the Lakota Indians of North America. The name “Inipi” means “to receive life again” and refers to the main goal of this ceremony: cleansing the body, mind, and soul. In the Netherlands, this ritual is also known as the sweat lodge ceremony. Although this specific form comes from the Lakota, similar rituals with hot stones have existed for thousands of years worldwide— from the Finnish sauna to ancient Irish sweat lodges, remains of which have been found by archaeologists dating back more than 10,000 years.

The ceremony takes place in a low, dome-shaped hut built of willow branches and covered with blankets. In the center of the hut, a pit is dug where glowing hot stones are placed, brought in from a ceremonial fire outside. When participants sit in the dark hut, water is poured over the hot stones, creating intense steam and heat. The ritual usually consists of four rounds, each with its own theme, such as welcome, connection, prayer, or thanksgiving. During these rounds, people sing, pray, or sit in silence.

The Inipi ritual goes far beyond mere physical cleansing, as in a regular sauna. It is intended as a spiritual experience where people connect with ‘All That Is’ and can experience the power of gratitude. The hut symbolizes the womb of Mother Earth, and the entire process represents rebirth and healing. Participants use this time to let go of their daily worries, give attention to those in need, and achieve personal growth and insight. The ceremony concludes with the expression “Mitakuye Oyasin,” meaning “we are all related,” emphasizing the interconnectedness of all life.

Related:

• Spiritual and social values make us happier than self-interest

Research shows that not all interruptions during your work have the same effect. There is an important difference between work-related and non-work-related interruptions.

Work-related interruptions (such as your manager stopping by to ask about a task, or a colleague messaging you about a project you’re working on together) actually have a positive effect on how engaged you feel during your workday. This goes against the common belief that all interruptions are bad for your productivity. Work-related interruptions don’t break your concentration; instead, they help you stay more connected to your work and colleagues.

Non-work-related interruptions (just chatting about the weather, sports, or what you’re going to eat tonight) do have the negative effect you might expect: they make you less engaged and disrupt your work rhythm so much that it really gets in the way of your work.

Related:

• Interruptions aren’t intrinsically distinct from other events, they’re just events most professionals don’t want around. The distinction is in our head.
• Messy work environments have no effect on either creativity or executive functions

When you create a podcast and want to publish extra content related to a specific episode, this bonus content receives the same episode number as the original episode. This means that both episodes, the main episode and the bonus episode, are published under the same number in your podcast feed.

“Revenge bedtime procrastination” is a phenomenon where you deliberately delay your bedtime to regain a sense of control over your life. This often occurs in people who have little personal time during the day due to busy schedules or demanding jobs. By staying up later at night, you try to reclaim some personal time, even if it comes at the expense of your sleep.

Although the term is relatively new, the behavior it describes has been known for a longer time. After a long day, you want to relax, for example by watching TV or scrolling on your phone, even though you know you have to get up early the next day.

While it’s understandable that you want this time for yourself, delaying your bedtime can have negative consequences for your health. Lack of sleep can lead to fatigue, reduced concentration, and even long-term health issues. Therefore, it’s important to find a balance between your personal time and getting enough sleep.

Related:

• Good sleepers are more productive and earn more
• Well-rested people are more positive
• The optimal amount of free time seems to be between 2 and 4 hours per day
• Longer workdays undermine productivity and cognitive skills

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the learning process offers a unique opportunity to reduce unnecessary difficulties. For example, AI can help you by providing clear explanations, offering useful examples, and giving you quick feedback. This can eliminate frustrating obstacles that you often encounter while learning, such as unclear sources or insufficient practice material. By reducing this unnecessary hassle, you can better focus on truly understanding the material and developing your skills.

But beware: AI is not meant to avoid the essential efforts you need for effective learning. Essential efforts include activities like active practice, retrieving information from memory, and consciously working towards a good understanding of the subject matter. These activities are important for building knowledge that sticks. While AI can make your learning process easier, it should not replace the core activities you need to truly learn.

The danger exists that you might use AI to avoid the necessary effort, for example, by simply copying answers without understanding the underlying ideas. This can lead to superficial knowledge that does not last long. Therefore, it is important to find the balance between reducing unnecessary hassle and maintaining the essential effort needed to truly learn. By using AI wisely, you can reap its benefits without jeopardizing the real learning process.

Related:

• Working slower promotes deeper thinking processes and better results
• The conscious belief that effort is the good part links dopamine to the process rather than the result

In communication, it’s important to adapt your style to that of your conversation partner. This can be challenging if your partner speaks quickly and you struggle to keep up. Instead of speeding up your own speech, which can lead to stumbling over words and confusion, it’s better to use non-verbal cues. Hand gestures and head movements are super helpful in this regard. By subtly moving your hand or nodding, you can encourage your partner to continue talking without having to speak faster yourself.

Non-verbal communication is a powerful tool in conversations. With hand gestures, you can hold your partner’s attention and encourage them to speak faster. By nodding your head, you show that you understand and that they can continue. These tricks ensure that your partner feels understood and can tell their story at their own pace, while you can think and respond calmly.

By smartly using non-verbal signals, you can communicate better without having to speak faster yourself. This is especially useful in work situations where it’s important that you both understand each other well. If you adjust your non-verbal communication to your partner’s pace, your conversations become more effective, and you both feel better understood.

The idea that you can concentrate better by hiding your phone sounds logical, but research shows that this is not always effective. Although people indeed reach for their phones less often when they are further away, they often replace this time by sitting at their computer, keeping the total screen time roughly the same.

In the study, participants had to work for 5 hours, of which an average of 3.5 hours was spent productively, regardless of whether their phone was within reach or not.

Notable findings:

• With your phone within reach, you spend almost twice as long on it, an average of 14 minutes more per session
• The duration per use remains the same, but you pick up your phone more frequently when it’s nearby
• When the smartphone was not accessible, participants spent more time on their computer, but the number of activities on the computer remained unchanged

This suggests that the problem is not the devices themselves, but rather your habits and time management. Concentration issues seem to be more related to your environment and activities than to the technology itself.

The research emphasizes that it is more important to adjust your habits around technology use than to focus on the devices. Hiding your phone is therefore not necessarily the solution; a more conscious and controlled approach to technology can be more effective in reducing distraction and stress.

Related

• Reduce mobile phone use to improve your life satisfaction, well-being, and health
• Mindfulness meditation reduces the size of your amygdala, making you less prone to distractions and procrastination
• We pick up our phones over 350 times per day, almost four times more than in 2019

People can often solve their own problems. They sometimes just need a little help to find the right solution. A coach therefore does not provide ready-made answers but helps people find answers themselves. This is like peeling an onion: layer by layer, you get closer to the core of the problem.

A coach asks questions, listens carefully, and helps people think about what they are saying. This makes someone feel safe to think about what they want to achieve and the problems they encounter. By discussing this together, someone gets to know themselves better. This gives more confidence to make decisions on their own. The coach only helps - the person themselves knows best what is good for them.

It is important that the coach believes that someone can find answers themselves. When people realize they can come up with solutions on their own, they feel stronger. They then take more responsibility for their own growth. Because they have found the solution themselves, it suits them well. As a result, the changes they make are often lasting and they feel good about them.

Related

• Trust in yourself, the process, and the client
• Trust in yourself, the process, and the client

Under pressure, we can indeed accomplish more work in less time, but this often comes at the expense of accuracy and depth. Researchers like Don Moore and Elizabeth Tenney have shown that while deadlines can help us complete tasks that might otherwise be left unfinished, the quality of the work often suffers due to the rush. This is because, under pressure, we tend to make quicker decisions and spend less time checking our work, increasing the likelihood of errors.

Additionally, the heightened state of alertness we experience under time pressure, caused by substances like dopamine and adrenaline, can give us the feeling that we are performing better. However, this state of readiness can also be achieved in other ways, without the drawbacks of hasty work. For example, some people use physical activities like trampoline jumping to get into an energetic and focused state. This can help to be productive without the risks associated with working under time pressure, such as overlooking details or making unnecessary mistakes.

Finally, it is important to recognize that while time pressure can help us work faster, it is not always the best way to ensure quality. It is essential to find a balance between speed and accuracy and to understand when it makes sense to use time pressure as a tool to increase productivity. By being mindful of deadlines and how we allocate our time, we can work both efficiently and effectively.

Related

• Do the right thing, in the right way, and at the right moment
• Take the time before doing something you can’t undo
• Try to complete new tasks on the day you receive them
• Before you start (a task, a work session, a project…), set a time budget
• Working slower promotes deeper thinking processes and better results
• A little time pressure while working on your tasks helps to reduce ‘attention residue’

Trust is the foundation of coaching and personal growth.

It starts with self-confidence, which is very important for any coach or professional. When you believe in yourself and your knowledge, you can better help and support others. This self-confidence helps you remain calm and assured, even when things get tough. Remember, as a coach, you don’t need to have all the answers; your task is to help the client find their own answers.

The process, such as the GROW model (Goals, Reality, Options, Will), offers a structured approach that helps streamline conversations and provide direction. By following the process, coaches can work step by step towards the client’s goals. Trusting this process means believing that the client, by taking the right steps, will come to important insights. The model helps both the coach and the client stay focused and goal-oriented.

Finally, trust in the client is essential. Every client already has the answers within them, and the coach helps them find these answers. This means believing that the client can grow and change. By being genuinely interested in the client and their story, you naturally ask the right questions that help them move forward. This mix of self-confidence, trust in the process, and trust in the client ensures successful coaching and personal growth.

Related

• The client being coached already has the answer within themselves

On MacOS, you can easily hide files or folders by using the command line. This can be useful if you want to keep certain files out of sight without deleting them.

To do this, first open a terminal window. You can do this by pressing Command+Space, typing “Terminal,” and pressing Enter. In the terminal window that appears, use the command chflags hidden <file path>, replacing <file path> with the path to the file or folder you want to hide. This command marks the file or folder as hidden, making it no longer visible in Finder.

If you later decide that you want to make the file or folder visible again, you can use the same command with nohidden instead of hidden. This will make the file or folder visible again in Finder.

There has been much discussion about how blue light from screens affects our sleep, but new research shows that the impact may be smaller than we thought. Sleep experts have found that blue light causes you to fall asleep on average less than three minutes later. This means that the idea that blue light significantly disrupts your sleep is largely incorrect. Although using technology just before bedtime is sometimes linked to poorer sleep, there are other factors that have more influence, such as what you watch and notifications that can wake you up.

People often use technology to keep themselves occupied or to feel better, which can also affect their sleep habits. It is important to know that it is not so much the blue light that affects your sleep, but more how and why you use technology. Through self-control and help from others, you can use technology wisely before bedtime so that it does not negatively affect your sleep.

Related

• Good sleepers are more productive and earn more
• Reduce mobile phone use to improve your life satisfaction, well-being, and health

In the past, work was often simple and predictable. There were fixed processes and predictable outcomes, as Armand Hatchuel describes. This made it easy to measure and manage performance. If there were problems, such as a broken machine or a sick employee, managers could quickly intervene to achieve the same results.

Today, work is different. Hatchuel calls this “unconfined” work. It involves jobs like knowledge work, care work, and creative work, where you don’t know in advance what the outcome will be. Innovation and surprising outcomes are often the goal. This means you only know what the result is once it’s finished. There is a lot of uncertainty about how much effort it takes to achieve these unpredictable results. For example, a home care worker doesn’t know what they will encounter with a client, a designer doesn’t know how a client will react to an idea, and a software developer can’t always predict what problems will arise with the code.

Modern work is thus unconfined because it is not tied to fixed rules or predictable results. It requires a lot of flexibility and adaptability from workers, whether the work is physical or mental. The real challenge is dealing with the absence of boundaries and navigating the uncertainties and complexities that come with this type of work.

Related

• Professionals spend about 60% of their time on work about work
• Spend a little attention on planning and organizing your tasks, but not more than necessary; then, get to work
• Explore a map for each month’s cycle that not only includes things to do, but also things to avoid
• Longer workdays undermine productivity and cognitive skills

Research shows that people often underestimate how much they enjoy just sitting and thinking. In a series of experiments with students, participants thought they would be bored if they had to wait in a quiet room. But in reality, they found it much more enjoyable than they expected. This shows that we often do not appreciate how important it is to take a moment to pause and reflect.

The idea of “niksen,” a Dutch word that means consciously doing nothing, fits well with these findings. Doing nothing can be seen as a way to give our minds a break, so we can relax and let our thoughts wander without distractions from the outside world. This is different from the modern habit of always being busy and seeking distractions, such as constantly checking internet news. By doing nothing, we can improve our mental health, as it gives us the opportunity to organize our thoughts and become more creative.

We often underestimate how valuable doing nothing can be, because we do not realize how interesting and enjoyable our own thoughts can be. People usually choose activities to keep busy, often because they are afraid of getting bored. But doing nothing can be surprisingly enriching, as shown by the positive responses of people in studies. If we learn to appreciate moments of rest more, we can learn to enjoy simply thinking and reflecting. This can ultimately contribute to a more balanced and satisfying life.

Related:

• Give your mind time to wander

Playing videos faster can be useful to save time. Research shows that you can watch videos at 1.5x or even 2x the normal speed without understanding less. This way, you can go through the videos faster and use the extra time to study more or watch the videos again. But be careful: if you go faster than 2x, you may not understand what is being said as well.

It is important to know that these results can vary. This depends on how difficult the videos are, how fast the speech is, and how much visual and audio content there is simultaneously. Often, comprehension issues arise from a lack of background information. Therefore, it is wise to first watch videos at a faster speed and then spend extra time on the difficult parts or review them, especially right before a test.

Spending at least two hours per week in nature can have significant benefits for health and well-being. A study in the United Kingdom, which surveyed nearly 20,000 participants, found that people who spent at least 120 minutes per week in nature reported better self-reported health and well-being. The likelihood of reporting good health or high well-being significantly increased with 120 minutes or more of nature contact per week. These positive associations peaked between 200 and 300 minutes per week, with no further gain from additional time in nature.

It doesn’t matter how these 120 minutes per week are achieved; both one long walk and multiple shorter visits per week can provide the same benefits. This suggests that the flexibility in planning nature visits makes it easier for people to integrate this habit into their busy lives.

Related:

• Do things that makes you happy everyday, since happy workers are 12% more productive